SiRna - building great Bodies by Turning Genes on and Off

Interfering Mother In Law - SiRna - building great Bodies by Turning Genes on and Off

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Even as the 2008 Olympics in Beijing are gaining momentum, the branch of doping is production its way into the coverage. That is to be expected. The prevalence of doping among athletes in professional, college and high school sports is well documented. And up till now, doping has all the time complex muscle-enhancing drugs such as steroids and recombinant increase factors.

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Interfering Mother In Law

Growth factors such as Human increase Hormone, or Hgh, and other new age drugs effect from recombinant Dna technologies of the mid-1980s that a decade later led to drugs approved for human use to treat increase deficiencies.

In theory, these same growth-promoting drugs could be introduced into humans using gene therapy. However, gene therapy has been notoriously difficult to control, and once you introduce the gene, how do you take it back after its effect is no longer needed? After all, modern athletes who wish to cheat the principles to perform their athletic goals may wish to return to a normal life after athletic ambitions have been satisfied. With gene therapy there may be no way to reverse the unending effects of alien muscle-enhancing genes.

However, a new genetic explication is emerging that may solve the question of uncontrollable long-term effects and offer a new, easier way to cheat the system.

In a 2004 Scientific American narrative titled, "Gene Doping," H. Lee Sweeney describes the "Belgian Blue Bull" as the bovine version of the anticipated Hulk. The Belgian Blue Bull is a freak of nature because an inherited genetic mutation in the breed deactivates both copies of the gene that encodes myostatin, a protein that inhibits muscle increase so the organism can voice a equilibrium between muscles and skeleton. The absence of this protein not only allows unchecked muscle growth, it also inhibits fat deposition. As a result, this bull is anticipated lean muscle bulk-a bigger, stronger, and, yes, faster bull.

In a recent paper in Trends in Genetics titled "Sprinting without myostatin: a genetic determinant of athletic prowess," author Se-Jin Lee of Johns Hopkins University describes the occurrence of this myostatin mutation in mice, sheep and bully whippet racing dogs. In whippets, mutations in both copies of the myostatin gene lead to a dog with twice as much muscle mass. A mutation of only one copy of the myostatin gene results in about a 25 percent increase in muscle bulk with increased athleticism.

Among humans, a 2004 narrative in the New England Journal of medicine reported on a child whose mutation affected both gene copies, meaning the child has no myostatin. The child's mother, who was an fulfilled, sprinter, has one mutated copy of her myostatin gene. The child appeared extraordinarily muscular at birth and was noted to be unusually strong at seven months. At age 4 the child was monitored for cardiac function, but no cardiomyopathy was found.

Beyond simply occurring mutations, the last five years have seen a new coming known as Rna interference to intentionally silence genes to treat diseases. The effectiveness of what is known as siRna has been established for silencing genes , such as a gene in the liver of primates that causes high blood cholesterol.

Development of this technology has brought about rapid growth, creating a billion-dollar commerce in just five years. In addition, large pharmaceutical clubs such as Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer, and Hoffmann-La Roche are buying up or partnering with the smaller, innovative clubs together with Alnylam and Sirna Therapeutics, which own the patent possession to the siRna technology.

It would take only a few weeks to found and synthesize an Rna interfering drug that could silence the gene that encodes myostatin, which is active only in muscle. Gene silencing of myostatin to produce a best athlete could, in theory, be fulfilled, by injecting siRna into the area targeted for muscle building.

Indeed, researchers at Sirna Therapeutics have already produced siRna's that shut down myostatin expression, and Sirna has filed a U.S. Patent application (Us 20050124566) on the use of these compounds to increase muscle mass for increased strength, athleticism, bodybuilding, or cosmetic applications.

Targeting other genes has demonstrated persisting inhibitory effects of three to four weeks with a single siRna injection. Since this is not excellent gene therapy, this coming to muscle building can be reversed, avoiding problems associated with the life-long physiologic consequences of non-reversible myostatin deficiency.

A number of other human genes have also been mentioned as possible targets for gene doping in athletes. However, those muscle-enhancing genes would have to be introduced into the athlete with no certify of the persisting outcome. It seems more likely that siRna will find its way to athletes who wish to cheat and the enablers who wish to exploit athletes to make money.

There may be no way to test for the type of genetic manipulation. Nevertheless, the Us and International Olympic Committees should advocate for national laws to be enacted by all participating nations to make genetic manipulation of athletic traits unlawful. The ethical dilemma here is should athletes be denied the capability to regain athletic traits that have been simply acquired by others?

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